results from the definition of £ . 2. Ker £ is spanned by ˆ2.t, t0/, thus dimKer £ D 1 and from the Fredholm alternative [2], problem £x D N.x, b/ admits a solution if and only if ZT hN .x, b/ .t/, xL.t/i dt D 0 0 So dimKer£ D codim Im £...
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In this work, we propose a formal definition of this concept. Since logical models are inherently discrete, we use the piecewise differential (PWLD) framework to introduce the underlying bifurcation parameters. Given a regulatory graph, a set of PWLD models is mapped to a set of logical ...
The reunification of embryology with evolutionary biology is impeded by the perception that a phylogenetic view of homology is incompatible with a developm... Striedler,F George - 《Brain Behavior & Evolution》 被引量: 60发表: 1998年 Photorefractive effect due to a photoinduced surface-charge modu...
In the description of the dynamics interactions, a crucial element of all models is the classic definition of functional response. Many kinds of predator-prey models with Holling type [1,2,3], Leslie-Gower type [4,5], and Beddington-DeAngelis type [6,7], etc. have been investigated ...
Our strategy uses some of these methods in a coordinated way such that information, generated in one step, feeds into the definition of further analyses and helps refining the structure of the mathematical model. The aim of the method is to help in the designing of more informative predictive ...
Using the definition of fractional calculus, the averaging term of Equation (18) could be derived by 〈𝐹11〉Θ===〈𝐴𝜔sinΘ𝑔(𝐴)𝑐1𝐷𝛼𝐶(𝐴cosΘ)〉Θ𝑐1𝑔(𝐴)lim𝑇→∞1𝑇∫0𝑇𝐷𝛼𝐶(𝐴cosΘ)×𝐴𝜔sinΘd𝑡𝑐1Γ(1−𝛼)𝑔(𝐴...
A generalized delay stage structure prey-predator model with fear effect and prey refuge is considered in this paper via introducing fractional-order and fear effect induced by immature predators. Hopf bifurcation and control of this system are investiga
It is shown that the model systems with the type I, II, and III functional responses exhibit qualitatively similar bifurcation and stability behavior over the interval of definition of the temperature parameter. Similar behavior is found in the system with the type IV functional response at low ...
With the provided definition and system (5), the Jacobian matrix D at ℵ=0 in system (5) demonstrates 𝐷=(𝐷ℵ1𝑓1(𝜌,𝜓 (𝜌,ℵ))𝐷ℵ1𝑓2(𝜌,𝜓 (𝜌,ℵ))𝐷ℵ2𝑓1(𝜌,𝜓 (𝜌,ℵ))𝐷ℵ2𝑓2(𝜌,𝜓 (𝜌,ℵ)))ℵ=0= ⎜...